The Facsimile Edition

Read the Exeter Book

Nine poems from MS 3501, set in the facsimile font. Show a gloss under every word, or click a word for its definition, its source, and how often it appears in the surviving corpus.

fols. 76v–78r
The Wanderer

An exiled warrior meditates on loss, memory, and the transience of earthly life. One of the great elegies of Old English literature.

Oft him anhaga are gebideð,
fols. 81v–83r
The Seafarer

A meditation on the hardship and spiritual longing of a life at sea, counterpoised against the comfort and corruption of life on land.

Mæg ic be me sylfum soðgied wrecan,
fols. 100r–100v
Deor

A scop names legendary figures who endured suffering and overcame it, repeating the refrain: þæs ofereode, þisses swa mæg — "that passed, so may this".

Welund him be wurman wræces cunnade,
fols. 115r–115v
The Wife's Lament

A woman speaks from exile in an earth-cave, lamenting separation from her lord. One of the few Old English poems with an unambiguously female speaker.

Ic þis giedd wrece bi me ful geomorre,
fols. 123r–123v
The Husband's Message

A carved staff delivers a message across the sea from an exiled lord to his lady, urging her to sail south and reunite. The closing runes encode his vow.

Nu ic onsundran þe secgan wille
fols. 107r–107v
Riddle 26

A speaker recalls being killed, skinned, scraped, folded, and dressed in gold. The riddles were written without their answers; guess before you look.

Mec feonda sum feore besnyþede,
fols. 112r–112v
Riddle 43

A noble guest lodges in a hall, immune to hunger, thirst, and age — but suffers if the servant treats him badly.

Ic wat indryhtne æþelum deorne
fol. 112v
Riddle 44

Something stiff hangs by a man's thigh, under his cloak. The double meaning is the point — the Exeter Book enjoys making you blush for guessing wrong.

Wrætlic hongað bi weres þeo,
fol. 112v
Riddle 45

Something boneless grows and swells in a corner, and a woman grips it. Same trick as Riddle 44.

Ic on wincle gefrægn weaxan nathwæt,